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analysis.​normed_space.​riesz_lemma

analysis.​normed_space.​riesz_lemma

Riesz's lemma

Riesz's lemma, stated for a normed space over a normed field: for any closed proper subspace F of E, there is a nonzero x such that ∼x - F∼ is at least r * ∼x∼ for any r < 1.

theorem riesz_lemma {𝕜 : Type u_1} [normed_field 𝕜] {E : Type u_2} [normed_group E] [normed_space 𝕜 E] {F : subspace 𝕜 E} (hFc : is_closed ↑F) (hF : ∃ (x : E), x ∉ F) {r : ℝ} :
r < 1 → (∃ (x₀ : E), x₀ ∉ F ∧ ∀ (y : E), y ∈ F → r * ∥x₀∥ ≤ ∥x₀ - y∥)

Riesz's lemma, which usually states that it is possible to find a vector with norm 1 whose distance to a closed proper subspace is arbitrarily close to 1. The statement here is in terms of multiples of norms, since in general the existence of an element of norm exactly 1 is not guaranteed.